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school-based  mental  health  referrals  spanned  5  consecutive  school  years  from
                             August 2015 through May 2020. Data included (a) the overall number of students
                             referred for school-based mental health, (b) gender, (c) grade band, (d) reason for
                             referral, and (e) disability status. The data indicated an overall rise in mental health
                             referrals, referrals for male students outnumbered those for females, and referrals for
                             elementary students were most prevalent. The most frequent reasons for referral were
                             “emotional”  and  “behavioral”  issues.  Finally,  general  education  student  referrals
                             were more numerous than those for students with identified disabilities.
                                Implications  for  practice  include  (a)  increasing  in-class  mental  health
                             programming, (b) improving educators’ understanding of mental health issues, (c)
                             obtaining targeted support from the administration, and (d) developing district-wide
                             support plans. Efforts to address the increases in mental health issues continue to be
                             on the minds and hearts of educators.

                                                               References
                             CASEL. (2023, November 10). Fundamentals of SEL. https://casel.org/fundamentals-of-sel/

                             Castillo, E. G., Ijadi-Maghsoodi, R., Shadravan, S., Moore, E., Mensah, M. O., 3rd, Docherty, M.,
                                    Aguilera Nunez, M. G., Barcelo, N., Goodsmith, N., Halpin, L. E., Morton, I., Mango, J.,
                                    Montero, A. E., Rahmanian Koushkaki, S., Bromley, E., Chung, B., Jones, F., Gabrielian,
                                    S., Gelberg, L., Greenberg, J. M., & Wells, K. B. (2019). Community interventions to
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                             Curtin, S., & Heron, M. (2019). Death rates due to suicide and homicide among persons aged
                                    10–24: United States, 2000-2017. NCHS Data Brief, (352), 1–8.

                             Danielson, M. L., Bitsko, R. H., Ghandour, R. M., Holbrook, R. J., Kogan, M. D., & Blumberg,
                                    S. J. (2018). Prevalence of parent-reported ADHD diagnosis and treatment among U.S.
                                    children and adolescents, 2016. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychology, 47(2),
                                    199–212.
                             Darrow, A. (2016). Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA): What it means for students with
                                    disabilities and music educators. General Music Today, 30(1), 41–44.
                             Doll, B., Nastasi, B., Cornell, L., & Song, S. (2017). School-based mental health services:
                                    Definitions and models of effective practice. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 33(3).
                                    179–194.

                             Fazel, M., Hoagwood, K., Stephan, S., & Ford, T. (2014). Mental health interventions in schools in
                                    high-income countries. The Lancet Psychiatry, 1(5), 377–387.
                             Gage, N., Scott, T., Hirn, R., & Macsuga-Gage, A. (2018). The relationship between teachers’
                                    implementation of classroom management practices and student behavior in elementary
                                    school. Behavioral Disorders, 43(2), 302–315.

                             Gulley, L. D., Oppenheimer, C. W., & Hankin, B. L. (2014). Associations among negative
                                    parenting, attention bias to anger, and social anxiety among youth. Developmental
                                    Psychology, 50(2), 577–585.
                             Kraft, M. A., Blazar, D., & Hogan, D. (2018). The effect of teacher coaching on instruction and
                                    achievement: A meta-analysis of the causal evidence. Review of Educational Research,
                                    88(4), 547–588.

                             National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2019). Mental health conditions. https://www.nami.org          /
                                    About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions




        30                                           The Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin: International Journal for Professional Educators
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