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Conclusion
               Times  have  undoubtedly  changed  in  the  15  years  since  the  writing  of  the
            original article, and I would say for the better. It cannot be denied that children
            who have disabilities are decidedly included in today’s classrooms. Differentiated
            instruction, universal design for learning, and retrofitting frameworks have all led to
            improvements for children who did not have the chance to be included fully in times
            past. There is more work to be done, including developing further UDL research-
            based practices and better differentiated instructional applications, as well as building
            better schools and learning environments that are accessible to all children. When I
            review this manuscript in another 15 years, I hope all these improvements will have
            come to pass.


                                              References
            CAST. (2018). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines version 2.2. http://udlguidelines.cast.org

            Centre for Excellence in Universal Design. (2024). History of Universal Design. https://
                   universaldesign.ie/about-universal-design/history-of-universal-design
            Differentiation Central. (2016). What is differentiated instruction? Institutes on Academic Diversity.
                   https://differentiationcentral.com/what-is-differentiated-instruction/
            Fovet, F. (2022). Ensuring technology integration in the classroom leads to increased accessibility:
                   Using UDL as a lens. In S. Dhamdhere & F. Andres (Eds.), Assistive technologies for
                   differently abled students (pp. 88–112). IGI Global.

            Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, 20 U.S.C. §§ 1400 (2004).
            No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, 20 U.S.C. § 6319 (2008).

            Stanford, B., & Reeves, S. (2009). Making it happen: Using differentiated instruction, retrofit
                   framework, and universal design for learning. Teaching Exceptional Children Plus, 5(6),
                   2–9. https://education.illinoisstate.edu/downloads/linc/linccurriculummodule/Making
                   %20It%20Happen.pdf
            Tomlinson, C. A. (2000). Differentiation of instruction in the elementary grades. ERIC Digest.
                   ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education.
































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