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use new technical gadgets.
                                 •  Legal advice on issues concerning special education students.
                                 •  When students disturb lessons: sometimes I am helped, sometimes not—
                                    maybe partly because the principal is absent—or just doesn’t immediately
                                    reprimand the student. Sometimes this works well.
                                 •  Whenever  I  ask  for  help,  I  get  it—be  it  extra  shelves  for  my  cabinet  or
                                    problems  with  students.  I  have  needed  the  principal’s  approval  when
                                    considering buying extra equipment.
                                 •  In the educational sessions, I can get things off my chest and get support.


                             Principals Among the Staff
                                 In  some  schools,  principals  were  seen  vacuum-cleaning,  carrying  chairs,
                             or walking the corridors or the schoolyard. No one had asked for help, but these
                             voluntary actions could be interpreted as bringing utility or well-being to the school
                             community as a whole. Among five school secretaries who responded, one worked
                             in  three  small  schools—she  wished  to  receive  more  help,  commenting  that  not
                             only teachers but all the other members of the school staff should be kept informed
                             about current school matters. Principals were mentioned as the main helpers by
                             two secretaries; three secretaries regarded the staff as a whole as school cleaners or
                             cooks; and one of the two cooks said that problems encountered at work must be
                             solved together within the school. The other cook (from another school) mentioned
                             first the principal and then her boss as her primary helpers in problem situations.
                             She also felt that she was taken into consideration as a valued member of the school
                             staff.  Clearly,  valuing  helping  and  practicing  the  virtue  of  helping  were  seen  as
                             contributing to educational excellence in the setting.


                             Courage
                                 Sometimes,  helping  requires  considerable  courage  as  one  steps  beyond  the
                             “norms” of following rules and procedures. Principals interviewed for my dissertation
                             were  asked  to  recall  the  most  difficult  cases  encountered  during  their  careers.
                             A female principal helped a ninth grader get his school-leaving certificate in an
                             exceptional way during her career as assistant principal. The ninth grader was a nice
                             boy, a loner, who started skipping lessons. Nobody knew why, not even his parents.
                             The assistant principal, who had known the boy previously, suggested that the boy
                             should be encouraged to return to school but also to work as a kind of an assistant
                                                            teacher  in  primary  school,  while  simultaneously
                                                            studying and trying to pass his remaining exams.
         Sometimes, helping requires                        The assistant principal was aware of the suspicious

        considerable courage as one                         glances and harsh comments received from some
                                                            of the subject teachers—but the boy was made to
           steps beyond the “norms”                         “swim” through all of this and was finally awarded
                                                            his certificate.
               of following rules and                           This  case  of  a  truant  presents  a  courageous

                       procedures.                          principal—one  who  did  not  fear  disgrace.  The
                                                            principal  fearlessly  defended  the  boy  and  was
                                                            not swayed by the subject teachers’ opinions. She
                                                            showed “various capacities for caring” as opposed



        24                                           The Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin: International Journal for Professional Educators
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